"One day that dam is gonna break!"
That was probably a popular phrase in late 1800s Johnstown, and the dam in question was the South Fork Dam. Built by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania between 1838 and 1853 to provide water to the Western Division Canal, the earthen dam contained a body of water 2 miles long, one mile wide, and 60 feet deep. The reservoir, known as Lake Conemaugh, was precariously perched in the mountains above the populated valley below.
As canals gave way to more efficient methods of transportation, they were frequently bought by the railroads. Railroad lines were then laid right alongside the canals, so that factories and warehouses that once depended on barges could then be supplied by locomotives. The Western Division Canal was no exception to this custom, and was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., along with South Fork Dam and Lake Conemaugh.
The lake was of no use to a railroad company, however, and was soon sold to private parties, then sold again. Eventually the lake and dam were converted into a private retreat for members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, many of whom were officers of the Pittsburgh Steel, and among the wealthiest individuals in the country at the time.
Cabins, eateries, and gathering halls were built for the members, but little attention was paid to the aging dam, except to lower it by several feet so that a road could be built atop it to provide convenient access to the lake's opposite shore.
Cabins, eateries, and gathering halls were built for the members, but little attention was paid to the aging dam, except to lower it by several feet so that a road could be built atop it to provide convenient access to the lake's opposite shore.